Ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in construction, plumbing, roofing, fixtures, and structural frameworks.
12 articles
"Nickel as an alloying element in stainless steel and Inconel, electroplating applications, magnetic properties of pure nickel, and major producers Indonesia Philippines and Russia."
"Explore wrought iron with its low carbon content of 0.02 to 0.08 percent, phosphorus in historic iron, traditional gates and railings, Damascus steel and modern mild steel alternatives."
"Trace lead from ancient Roman plumbing and the Latin word plumbum through modern roofing and flashing applications, radiation shielding properties, health concerns and recycling."
"Carbon steel explained including low medium and high carbon grades, yield strength data, rebar grades, structural I-beams H-beams and channels, and global steel production of 1.9 billion tonnes annually."
"Compare titanium Grade 2 and Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V, density 4.5 g per cubic cm, exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, architectural use like Guggenheim Bilbao and corrosion resistance."
"Bronze copper-tin alloy explored from the historical Bronze Age through phosphor bronze, aluminium bronze, modern bearing and bushing uses and marine hardware applications."
"Explore zinc galvanizing processes including hot-dip and electroplating, zinc roofing systems from VM Zinc and Rheinzink, patina formation and sacrificial anode corrosion protection for steel."
"Understand grey and ductile cast iron, the chemistry of cookware seasoning, vintage plumbing pipes, historical radiators and melting points from 1150 to 1350 degrees Celsius."
"Compare 6061 and 6063 aluminum alloys for building, anodizing properties, window frame extrusions, structural applications and sustainability with recycling using only 5% of primary energy."
"Brass alloys explained with copper-zinc ratios, dezincification-resistant DZR brass, grades C260 C360 C464 for doorknobs, plumbing fixtures and musical instruments."
"Explore copper's electrical conductivity of 58 MS/m, thermal conductivity of 401 W/m.K, plumbing tube types K L and M, antimicrobial properties and natural patina formation in building applications."
"Compare 304 and 316 stainless steel grades, understand austenitic, ferritic and martensitic types, and explore kitchen, architectural and medical applications."